Q.1.1 Ribble (2011) identifies nine elements that make up digital citizenship, encompassing the issue of the use, abuse and misuse of technology. Briefly discuss these nine elements.

Ribbles 9 Elements of Digital Citizenship:

1. Digital Access:  

Full electronic participation in society. Technology users need to be aware that not everyone has the same technological opportunities and are still working towards equal digital rights and supporting electronic access is the starting point of Digital Citizenship.Full electronic participation in society, which includes helping to make sure everyone has equal access to technology and understands the limitations and drawbacks when this access is withheld. Helping to provide and expand access to technology should be a goal of all digital citizens. Users need to keep in mind that there are some that may have limited access so other sources need to be provided.

2. Digital Commerce: 

Electronic buying and selling of goods. Technology users need to understand that a large share of the market economy is done electronically.Full electronic participation in society, which includes helping to make sure everyone has equal access to technology and understands the limitations and drawbacks when this access is withheld. Legitimate and legal exchanges occur but the buyer and seller need to be aware of the issues associated with it. Users need to learn about how to be effective consumers of digital economy.

3. Digital Communication: 

Electronic exchange of information. One of the significant changes within the digital revolution is a persons ability to communicate with people. How to make appropriate decisions when faced with so many different digital communication options, such as when (and how) to send an email versus a text message or casual social media connection.The expanding digital communication options have changed everything people are to keep in constant communication with anyone else. But unfortunately many users have not been taught how to make appropriate designs when faced with so many different digital communication options.

4. Digital Literacy:

The process of teaching and learning about technology and the use of technology. A renewed focus must be made on what technologies must be taught as well as how it should be used. New technologies are finding their way into the work place that are not being used in schools. Learners must be taught how to learn digital society. Digital citizenship involves educating people in a new way, these individuals need a high degree of information literacy skills.

5. Digital Etiquette : 

Electronic standards of conduct or procedures. Technology users often see this area as one of the most pressuring problems when dealing with digital citizenship. More than just being able to recognize inappropriate behavior, good digital citizens should know how to act appropriately online. Inappropriate behaviour is recognised but before people use technology they do not learn digital citizen etiquette.

6. Digital Law: 

Electronic responsibility for actions and deeds. Digital laws deals with the ethics of technology within a society. There are certain rules of society that users need to be aware in a ethical society. Users need to understand that stealing or causing damage to others work, identity or property online is a crime. Hacking into others information, creating destructive worms, plagiarising, downloading illegal music, viruses or creating Trogan horses, sending spam or stealing anyones identity or property is unethical.

7. Digital Rights and Responsibilities: 

Hose freedoms to extend to everyone in the digital world.  Digital citizens have the right to privacy, free speech etc. With these rights comes responsibility as users must help define how technology is to be used in an appropriate manner. Basic digital rights must be addressed, discussed and understood in the digital world. In a digital society these 2 areas must work together for everyone to be productive.

8. Digital Health and Wellness: 

Physical and psychological well being in a digital technology world.  Eye safety, sound ergonomic practices and repetitive stress syndromes are issues that need to be addressed in a new technological world. Users need to be taught that there are inherent dangers to technology. Beyond the physical issues are those of psychological issues that are becoming very prevalent such as internet addiction. Digital citizenship includes a culture where technology users are taught how to protect themselves through education and training.

9. Digital Security: (self-protection): 

Electronic precautions to guarantee safety. In a society there are people who steal, disrupt or deface other people, the same thing goes for the digital community. There needs to be virus protection, backups of data and surge control of equipment. As a responsible citizen you must protect your information from outside forces that may cause disruption or harm.

REFERENCES:

•    https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5785288288166032794#editor/target=post;postID=2769491053486642007;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=3;src=postname

http://www.eschoolnews.com/2015/09/24/digital-citizenship-244/